第十六章

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陈牧：寡人闻，安者非一日而安也，危者非一日而危也，何也？先生教我。萧凡：臣以为，此皆以积渐然，不可不察也。人主之所积，在其取舍。以礼义治之者，积礼义；以刑罚治之者，积刑罚。刑罚积而民怨背，礼义积而民和亲。故世主欲民之善同，而所以使民善者或异。或导之以德教，或驱之以法令。导之以德教，德教洽而民气乐；驱之以法令者，法令极而民风哀。哀乐之感，祸福之应也。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人受教矣。chenmu：Iheard，Thestabilityoftheworldcannotbeachievedinaday，Theworldcrisisdoesnothappeninaday，Sirtaughtmewhy？xiaofan：Ithink，Itistheresultofthingsaccumulating，Youhavetotakethiskindofthingseriously，Thekeytowhatkingshavetodoischoice，Ifyouwanttogovernthecountrywithetiquette，Thenyouhavetopromoteetiquette，Ifyouwanttogovernthecountrywiththelaw，Thenyouhavetoadvocateforthelaw，Harshlawscancausethepeopletobetrayyou，Etiquettegovernsthecountryandwillgetthepeopletosupportyou，Kingswantedthepeopletosupporthim，However，thewaytheygovernthecountryisdifferent，Somepeoplegovernthecountrywiththemorality，Somepeoplegovernthecountrywiththelaw，Theformerwillbringharmonytosociety，Thelatterwillmakethepeoplesuffer，Differentwaysleadtodifferentresults，Itdependsonhowyouchoose。chenmu：Sirisright，Iacceptyourteachings。陈牧：近来寡人为政如何？请先生直言。萧凡：臣以为，自顷年以来，朝列纷错，真伪相贸，忠良排坠，信臣被害，而庸臣苟媚，先意承指，各希时趣，遂使清流变浊，忠臣结舌，大王处九天之上，隐百里之室，言出风靡，令行景从。亲洽宠媚之臣，日闻顺意之辞，严刑法以禁直言，黜善士以逆谏口，杯酒造次，死生不保，仕者以退为幸，居者以出为福，诚非所以保光洪绪，熙隆道化也，望大王察之。陈牧：非先生之言，寡人几不悟也，当为卿改之。chenmu：Recently，howismylevelofgovernance，Pleasetellmethetruth，sir。xiaofan：Ithink，Inrecentyears，thegovernmenthasbeeninchaos，Therearemanytrueandfalsethings，Loyalanduprightministerswereframed，Sycophanttraitorswereappointedtoimportantpositions，Asaresult，thegovernmentatmospherehasdeteriorated，Loyalanduprightministersdidnotdaretoexpresstheiropinions，Youareinthemostnobleposition，So，theyallflatteryou，Youalsograduallyloseyourself，And，youbegintovaluethemoverloyalists，Atthesametime，younolongerliketolistentohonestspeechasmuchasyouusedto，MinistersmakesMallmistakes，andyoupunishthem，Manyministersarenolongerwillingtotellyouthetruth，Ifthiscontinues，thecountrywillbeindanger，Ihopeyoucorrectedit。chenmu：Ifthereisnoreminderfromyou，Iwillnotknowthetruth，Iwillcorrectmymistakeforyou。陈牧：今北方一统，寡人欲南伐，可乎？先生以为如何？萧凡：臣以为，昔有夏多罪而殷汤用师，纣作淫Nue而周武授钺。苟无其时，虽复大圣，亦宜养威自保，不可轻动也。今北方初定，不务力农富国，审官任能，明黜陟，慎刑赏，训诸司以德，抚百姓以仁，而听诸将徇名，穷兵黩武，动费万计，士卒调瘁，寇不为衰而我已大病矣，愿大王三思。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人知过矣。chenmu：Today，thenorthhasbeenpacified，IwanttostartawaragainsttheSouth，Sir，whatdoyouthink？xiaofan：Ithink，Previously，theXiaKingdomwasguilty，YinShanglaunchedawaragainstit，ThetyrannyofKingZhouledtoacrusadebyKingWu，Ifthetimedoesnotcome，EventheHolyKingmustremaincalm，Decisionscannotbemaderashly，Today，thenorthhasjustbeenpacified，Youshoulddevelopproduction，Youhavetopicktalentedpeople，Youneedtoimprovethenationallegalsystem，Youhavetoappeasethepeopleandletofficialsgovernthecountrywithmorality，Ifyoulistenedtotheopinionofthemilitarytostartawar，Thenournationalstrengthwillsuffer，Andthenumberofsoldiersinourarmyisnotenough，Ifso，ourcountrywillbeindanger，Ihopeyouthinkaboutitcarefully。chenmu：Sirisright，Iwaswrong。陈牧：寡人甚慕贞观之治，故吾欲闻理国要道，先生何以教我？萧凡：臣以为，理国之要道，在于公平正直，故《尚书》云：无偏无党，王道荡荡。无党无偏，王道平平。又孔子称，举直错诸枉，则民服。今大王所尚，诚足以极政教之源，尽至公之要，囊括区宇，化成天下，愿大王力而行之，则天下幸甚。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人谨受教。chenmu：IenvytheeraofZhenguan，Iwanttoheartheprinciplesofgoverningthecountry，Sirtaughtmehowtodoit？xiaofan：Ithink，Theessenceofgovernanceisfairnessandjustice，TheHolyKinggovernsthecountryinsistingonfairnessandjustice，Selecttalentedpeopleandremovetreacherouspeople，Thenthepeoplewillfollowyou，Whatyoupromoteistheessenceofgovernance，Aslongasyouinsistonfairnessandjustice，thenyoucangoverntheworldwell，Ihopeyouwillworkhardtopracticeit，Thenthewholeworldwillbeluckybecauseofyou。chenmu：Sirisright，Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。陈牧：今万年公主出嫁，寡人欲敕所司资送，倍于先王长公主，可乎？先生以为如何？萧凡：臣以为，昔汉明帝欲封其子，帝曰：朕子岂得同于先帝子乎？可半楚、淮阳王，前史以为美谈，天子姊妹为长公主，天子之女为公主，既加长字，良以尊于公主也，情虽有殊，义无等别，若令公主之礼有过长公主，理恐不可，且大王以礼治天下，如此非礼也，实愿大王三思而行。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人知过矣。chenmu：Now,thePrincessofWannianwillbemarried，Iwanttogiveherarichdowry，Andthespecificationsaretwiceasmanyasthepreviouseldestprincess，Sir,whatdoyouthink？xiaofan：Ithink，Previously,whenEmperorHanmingcanonizedhisson，Hesaidthatthespecificationscouldnotexceedthoseofthepreviousprince，Therefore,itispraisedbypeople，ThestatusoftheeldestprincessishigherthanthatoftheWannianprincess，AlthoughyoupamperPrincessWanNian，IfthespecificationsofPrincessWanNianexceedthatoftheeldestprincess，Itwillnotconformtothenormsofetiquette，Ihopeyouthinkcarefully。chenmu：Sirisright，Iwaswrong。陈牧：寡人有珊瑚树七株，不愧于石崇也，先生以为如何？萧凡：臣以为，先王之治天下，食肉衣帛，皆有其制。窃谓奢侈之费，甚于天灾。古者人稠地狭，而有储蓄，由于节也。今者土旷人稀，而患不足，由于奢也。欲时人崇俭，当诘其奢。奢不见诘，转相高尚，无有穷极矣！陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人知过矣。chenmu：Ihavesevencoraltrees，Therefore，itisnoworsethanShiChong'sthings，Sir，whatdoyouthink？xiaofan：Ithink，TheHolyKingrulestheworld，Theirdailynecessitiesaresubjecttoregulations，Luxuryandwasteareworsethannaturaldisasters，Previously，therewaslittlelandandalargepopulation，Buttheystillhavesavings，Becausetheyinsistonfrugality，Today，thereismorelandandlesspopulation，Butwehaveverylittlesavings，Becauseweareextravagantandwasteful，Ifyouwantpeopletobefrugal，Thenextravagantbehaviorshouldbepunished，Ifnot，thensocietywillnotbebetter。chenmu：Sirisright，Iwaswrong。